Let f (x) be a quadratic polynomial such that f(-2) + f(3) = 0. If one of the roots of f (x) = 0 is -1, then the sum of the roots of f (x) = 0 is equal to:

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Published June 26, 2025
Mathematics
Algebra
Quadratic Equations
Relations between roots and coefficients

Detailed Explanation

Key Ideas to Remember

  1. Standard shape of a quadratic:
    Any quadratic polynomial can be written as f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x)=ax^2+bx+c or, if you know its roots α\alpha and β\beta, it can be factored as f(x)=a(xα)(xβ)f(x)=a\,(x-\alpha)(x-\beta) Here, a0a\neq0 is just a common scale‐factor.

  2. Relation between roots and coefficients:
    For f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x)=ax^2+bx+c with roots α,β\alpha,\beta: α+β=ba      and      αβ=ca\alpha+\beta=-\frac{b}{a}\;\;\;\text{and}\;\;\;\alpha\beta=\frac{c}{a}

  3. Using a given root:
    If one root is 1-1, then x+1x+1 is a factor. So we can rewrite the quadratic as f(x)=a(x+1)(xβ)f(x)=a\,(x+1)(x-\beta) where β\beta is the unknown second root.

  4. Extra condition f(2)+f(3)=0f(-2)+f(3)=0 gives another equation:
    Plug x=2x=-2 and x=3x=3 into the factored form, add, and set the sum to zero. Because a0a\neq0, the bracketed expression itself must be zero, letting us solve for β\beta.

Once β\beta is found, use α+β\alpha+\beta to get the desired answer.

Simple Explanation (ELI5)

What’s happening here?

Imagine a magic box (the quadratic polynomial) that eats a number xx, does some secret squaring-and-adding, and spits out a new number f(x)f(x).
We are told three simple facts:

  1. If we feed in 2-2 and also 33, and then add their outputs, we get zero.
  2. One special input, 1-1, makes the box spit out exactly zero (so 1-1 is a root).
  3. The question asks: If one root is 5 , what is the sum of both roots?

Think of the roots as two hidden keys. We already know one key (1-1). We use the given clue (the sum f(2)+f(3)=0f(-2)+f(3)=0) to crack the other key. Once both keys are known, we just add them to give the final answer.

Step-by-Step Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

  1. Write the quadratic with a known root
    Since one root is 1-1, factor: f(x)=a(x+1)(xβ)f(x) = a\,(x+1)(x-\beta) where a0a\neq0 and β\beta is the second root.

  2. Use the condition f(2)+f(3)=0f(-2)+f(3)=0
    • Evaluate at x=2x=-2: f(2)=a(2+1)(2β)=a(1)(2β)=a(2+β)f(-2)=a\,(-2+1)(-2-\beta)=a(-1)(-2-\beta)=a(2+\beta) • Evaluate at x=3x=3: f(3)=a(3+1)(3β)=a(4)(3β)=4a(3β)f(3)=a\,(3+1)(3-\beta)=a(4)(3-\beta)=4a(3-\beta) • Add and set to zero: f(2)+f(3)=a(2+β)+4a(3β)=a[(2+β)+124β]f(-2)+f(3)=a(2+\beta)+4a(3-\beta)=a[(2+\beta)+12-4\beta]   =a(143β)=0\quad\;=a\,(14-3\beta)=0 Because a0a\neq0, we must have 143β=0    β=14314-3\beta=0 \;\Longrightarrow\; \beta=\frac{14}{3}

  3. Find the sum of the roots
    Roots are 1-1 and 143\frac{14}{3}. Therefore α+β=1+143=3+143=113\alpha+\beta = -1 + \frac{14}{3}=\frac{-3+14}{3}=\frac{11}{3}

  4. Final Answer
    113\boxed{\dfrac{11}{3}}

Examples

Example 1

Designing a projector lens: the quadratic equation describing focal points has two solutions; knowing one focus position helps find the other.

Example 2

Ballistic motion path: time of ascent and descent satisfy a quadratic; if one time (say, ascent) is known, the other can be deduced quickly with sum of roots.

Example 3

RC circuit charging: quadratic in time constants arises; one measured zero helps compute the other unknown zero.

Visual Representation

References

  • [1]IIT JEE Previous Years’ Questions on Quadratic Equations
  • [2]Hall & Knight – Higher Algebra (Chapter on Quadratic Equations)
  • [3]Mathematics Class XII NCERT, Chapter 2: Relations between Roots and Coefficients
  • [4]Art of Problem Solving (AoPS) online discussion threads on quadratic root conditions

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